Level 3G New

Course Title 

Practical Physics III

Course Code

PHY301G2

Credit Value

02

Hourly breakdown

Theory

Practical

Independent Learning

–

90

10

Objectives

·   Provide practical knowledge by applying experimental methods to correlate with the Physics theory

·      Use various measurements related to modern physics, optics, electronics, mechanics and thermal physics

·      Apply the analytical techniques and graphical analysis to experimental data

·      Develop intellectual communication skills

·      Demonstrate the interpersonal skills through seminar presentations

Intended Learning Outcomes

·      Demonstrate conceptual understanding of fundamental physics principles

·      Perform experiments in optics with spectrometer with diffraction gratings

·      Analyse properties of gratings, emission spectra of certain elements produced by gas discharge tubes

·      Investigate the thermal conductivity of poor thermal conductors using Lee’s Disk

·      Distinguish different mechanisms of heat transfer

·      Construct circuits involving Owen’s and Capacitance bridge

·      Verify the concepts of material and modern physics

·      Analyse different types of errors associated with scientific measurements

·      Explain experimental outcomes in relation to existing physics theories

·      Report the experimental results

·      Disseminate knowledge through oral presentations

Course Contents

·  Optics: Single slit diffraction, Oblique incidence in transmission grating, Hydrogen spectrum, Helium spectrum, Polarization by pile of plates. Laser diffraction, Dispersion and chromatic resolving power of prism, Cauchy’s Equation, Application of Rayleigh’s Criterion

·      AC Theory:  Owen’s Bridge, Capacitance Bridge. Mutual Inductance, Coupled circuit

· Mechanics and Waves: Cantilever, Coupled oscillator, Kater’s pendulum, Microwaves and Ultrasonic Waves

·      Modern Physics: Radioactive Statistical Counting, Radioactive Decay, X-ray diffraction

·     Thermodynamics: Temperature Coefficient, Thermo Generator, Specific Heat Capacity of a Liquid, Lee’s Disc.

Oral Presentation:

·      Students will be trained on preparing and making oral presentation on selected topic.

Teaching and Learning Methods  

Presentation on experiments

Demonstration 

Weekly notebook and lab report

Oral presentations

Assessment Strategy

·      Continuous assessment on practical classes, note-book, and lab reports

·      Oral presentation during the course

·      End of Semester Practical Examinations

50 %

10 %

40 %

Recommended References

i Loyd, D. H., Physics Laboratory Manual (3rd Edition), Thomson Higher Education, USA (2008)

i Garbovskiy, Y. A., Glushchenko, A. V., A Practical Guide to Experimental Geometrical Optics, Cambridge University Press (2017).

i Willson, J., D., Hernandez Hall, C. A., Physics Laboratory Experiments (8th Edition), Cengage Learning, USA (2015).  

·      James, J. F., An Introduction to Practical Laboratory Optics, Cambridge University Press (2014).    

Course Title 

Thermal and Statistical Physics

Course Code

PHY303G3

Credit Value

03

Hourly breakdown

Theory

Practical

Independent Learning

45

–

105

Objectives

·         Discuss the laws of classical thermodynamics and formulations of statistical physics

·         Apply principles of thermodynamics to simple thermal engines

·         Make use of kinetic theory to understand the properties of materials

Intended Learning Outcomes

·         Explain the first and second law of thermodynamics and their applications in calculating work done and entropies

·         Estimate thermal efficiency of heat engines and coefficient of performance refrigerators

·         Apply the derived Maxwell’s relations to problems in thermodynamics

·         Estimate changes in temperature of systems subjected to cooling 

·         Apply Planck’s hypothesis to obtain the Stefan’s law to analyze radiation emitted by a blackbody.

·         Evaluate mean free path, coefficient of thermal conductivity, diffusion coefficient and coefficient of viscosity of a gas molecule.

·         Adapt statistical theory for a gaseous system to estimate its velocities.

Course Contents

·      Thermodynamics: Zeroth law and the concept of temperature, work, heat, internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, Carnot’s theorem, temperature, entropy, equation of state, Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations and their application to simple systems, production and measurement of low temperatures, the third law of thermodynamics, heat engines

·     Thermal radiation: The law of blackbody radiation, application of thermodynamics to blackbody radiation, radiation pyrometer

·      Kinetic theory: Ideal gases, Van der Waal’s gases, classical theory of specific heats of gases and solids, transport phenomena

·      Statistical physics: Thermodynamic probability and its relation to entropy, Boltzmann distribution and its classical limit, partition functions, application to solid like assemblies and gaseous systems, Maxwell’s distribution of velocities in gases

Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorial discussions, e-learning, handouts and guided learning  

Assessment Strategy

In-Course Assessment

End of Course Examination

30 %

70 %

Recommended References

·      Zemansky, M. W., and Dittman, R. H., Heat and Thermodynamics (7^th edition), McGraw Hill, New York (1997)

·      Roy, B. N., Fundamentals of Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics (1^st Edition), Wiley, New York (2002)

·      Nag, P. K., Basic and Applied Thermodynamics, Tata McGraw Hill, India (2002)

·      Moran, M. J.,  and Shapiro, H. N.,  Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics (5^th Edition), Wiley, New York (2006).

Course Title 

Medical Physics

Course Code

PHY304G2

Credit Value

02

Hourly breakdown

Theory

Practical

Independent Learning

25

15

60

Objectives

·  Discuss the principles of physics behind the operation of therapeutic and diagnostic medical equipment

·  Explain the physical aspects of radiation dosimetry, treatment planning, dose calculations and distributions

·      Identify safety, radiation protection principles and procedures

Intended  Learning Outcomes

·      Summarize the differences between ionizing and nonionizing radiations

·      Explain the design of medical X-ray system and the parameters that influence image quality

·   Explain most common modalities for our various types of imaging tests such as ultrasound scanner, PET scan and CT

·      Apply key concepts specific to energy deposition in tissues

·      Combine the dose related definitions in dose calculations

Course Contents

·   Radiation physics: Review of atomic structure, characteristics of X- rays, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, pair production, nuclear decay, radioactivity, types of radiations, interaction of radiation with matter, radiation detection and radiation dosimetry.

·   Medical imaging physics: Principles of image formation and quality, films and screens, digital imaging, image reconstruction with back projection, X- ray Computed Tomography (CT) and image processing, radiography (mammography and fluoroscopy), principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), mapping and applications, nuclear medicine imaging [Gamma camera, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET)], principles and practice of ultrasound imaging.

·      Radiotherapy physics and radiation protection: Medical transducers, standard equipment used in radiotherapy (linear accelerator and Cobalt teletherapy machine), basic physical aspects of photon and electron therapy, radiation treatment planning, dose calculations and distributions, radiation protection, safety considerations for patients and workers, quality assurance of medical devices.

Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorial discussions,  e-learning, handouts,  guided learning  and clinical visit.

Assessment Strategy

In-Course Assessment

Report on clinical site visit

End of course examination

20%

10 %

70 %

Recommended References

·     Wolbarst, A. B., Physics of Radiology  (2nd edition),  Medical Physics Pub Corp (2005),   

·     Meredith, W.J.  and Massey, J. B.,   Fundamental Physics of Radiology (3rd edition), Butterworth-Heinemann (1977)   

·     Podgorsak, E. P., Radiation Oncology Physics: A Handbook for Teachers and Students, Vienna, IAEA (2005)

·     Webb, S., The Physics of Medical Imaging (1st Edition), Crc Press (1988). 

Course Title 

Introduction to Astrophysics and Cosmology

Course Code

PHY305G2

Credit Value

02

Hourly breakdown

Theory

Practical

Independent Learning

30

–

70

Objectives

·      Recall the historical developments of astrophysics

·      Demonstrate how the basic physical laws explain the properties and dynamics of astronomical objects and the Universe

·      Explain the formation and properties of solar system, stars and galaxies

·      Deliver knowledge of the origin and the evolution of the universe

Intended Learning Outcomes

·      Explain the physics of telescopes including geometric optics

·      Explain how astronomical distances are measured

·      Apply the derived Kepler’s Laws with Newton’s laws and theorems to a range of astrophysical objects including extrasolar planets

·      Explain the global properties and basic evolution of stars using the basic laws of physics

·      Discuss the structure of the Milky Way

·      Discuss the fundamental constituents of the Universe: baryons, dark matter and dark energy, and the observational evidence for their presence

·      Explain the evolution of our Universe, including the evidence for the Big Bang

·      Use the equations which describe the evolution of the Universe to derive properties of the Universe

Course Contents

The Universe and its physics: 

·      Historical background of astronomy, units in astronomy and observational measurement techniques, motions of heavenly bodies, celestial sphere and the atlas of stars, uses of optical instruments in astronomy and Doppler Effect.

Physics of Stars and galaxies: 

·      The origin of the solar system and extra-solar planets, moon and eclipses, terrestrial and Jovian planets, properties of the Sun. 

·      Formation and general properties of stars, measurement of basic stellar properties such as distance, luminosity, spectral classification, mass, density and radii, Stellar evolution and nucleo-synthesis, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, structure of the milky way, other galaxies and their properties.

Cosmology: 

·      Olber’s paradox, Hubble’s Law; the age of the Universe; Evolution of the Universe: Madau diagram; Evidence for the Big Bang (blackbody radiation, nucleosynthesis); dark energy and the accelerating Universe.

Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorial discussions, e-learning, handouts and guided learning  

Assessment Strategy

In-course Assessments                            

End of course examination

30%

70%

Recommended References

·      Carroll, B. W., and Ostlie, D. A., An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (2^nd edition), Addison-Wesley (2006)

·      Dufay, J., Introduction to Astrophysics: The Stars (reissue edition), Dover Publications (2012)

·      Ryden, B.  and Peterson, B. M., Foundations of Astrophysics (1^st edition), Addison-Wesley (2010)

·      Maoz, D, Astrophysics in a Nutshell, 2nd edition (Princton University Press) (2016)

Course Title 

Introduction to Astrophysics and Cosmology

Course Code

PHY305G2

Credit Value

02

Hourly breakdown

Theory

Practical

Independent Learning

30

–

70

Objectives

·      Recall the historical developments of astrophysics

·  Demonstrate how the basic physical laws explain the properties and dynamics of astronomical objects and the Universe

·      Explain the formation and properties of solar system, stars and galaxies

·      Deliver knowledge of the origin and the evolution of the universe

Intended Learning Outcomes

·      Explain the physics of telescopes including geometric optics

·      Explain how astronomical distances are measured

·      Apply the derived Kepler’s Laws with Newton’s laws and theorems to a range of astrophysical objects including extrasolar planets

·      Explain the global properties and basic evolution of stars using the basic laws of physics

·      Discuss the structure of the Milky Way

·      Discuss the fundamental constituents of the Universe: baryons, dark matter and dark energy, and the observational evidence for their presence

·      Explain the evolution of our Universe, including the evidence for the Big Bang

·      Use the equations which describe the evolution of the Universe to derive properties of the Universe

Course Contents

The Universe and its physics: 

·Historical background of astronomy, units in astronomy and observational measurement techniques, motions of heavenly bodies, celestial sphere and the atlas of stars, uses of optical instruments in astronomy and Doppler Effect.

Physics of Stars and galaxies: 

•     The origin of the solar system and extra-solar planets, moon and eclipses, terrestrial and Jovian planets, properties of the Sun. 
•    Formation and general properties of stars, measurement of basic stellar properties such as distance, luminosity, spectral classification, mass, density and radii, Stellar evolution and nucleo-synthesis, white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes, structure of the milky way, other galaxies and their properties.

Cosmology: 

·    Olber’s paradox, Hubble’s Law; the age of the Universe; Evolution of the Universe: Madau diagram; Evidence for the Big Bang (blackbody radiation, nucleosynthesis); dark energy and the accelerating Universe.

Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures, tutorial discussions, e-learning, handouts and guided learning  

Assessment Strategy

In-course Assessments                            

End of course examination

30%

70%

Recommended References

·      Carroll, B. W., and Ostlie, D. A., An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (2^nd edition), Addison-Wesley (2006)

·      Dufay, J., Introduction to Astrophysics: The Stars (reissue edition), Dover Publications (2012)

·      Ryden, B.  and Peterson, B. M., Foundations of Astrophysics (1^st edition), Addison-Wesley (2010)

·      Maoz, D, Astrophysics in a Nutshell, 2nd edition (Princton University Press) (2016)

Course Title 

Basic Electricity and Electronics

Course Code

ELE301G3

Credit Value

03

Hourly breakdown

Theory

Practical

Independent Learning

35

30

85

Objectives

i  Recall the basics of simple electrical and electronic circuits

i  Understand operation of semiconductor devices

i Construct single-stage amplifiers using Bipolar junction transistors (BJT) and field effect transistors (FET)

i  Verify the theoretical concepts and simple circuits through laboratory experiments

Intended Learning Outcomes

i  Analyse a linear electrical circuit using loop and node analysis, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorem

i  Explain the current-voltage behaviour of a capacitors and inductors connected to an ‘ac’ source

i  Outline the working principle of p-n junction diodes and their applications

i  Discuss the working principle of BJT, and JFET

i  Analyse a small signal analysis of a BJT and FET amplifier using small signal models

Course Contents

Current electricity: Kirchhoff’s Laws, nodal and loop analysis, bridges, Thevanin’s and Norton’s theorem, maximum power transfer theorem.

AC Theory: Introduction to alternating current, rms, average and peak-to peak values, AC capacitance and capacitive resistance, AC inductance and inductive resistance, frequency response of RC and LC circuits, resonance in RLC circuits.

Semiconductor Diodes and application: Semiconductor basics, origin of energy bands, types of semiconductors, p-n junctions; operation, forward and reverse biased p-n junction, avalanche and Zener breakdown, application of p-n junction diodes: half and full wave rectifier, smoothing and voltage regulation

Bipolar junction transistors: working principle of BJTs, transistor characteristics (input, transfer and output characteristics) transistor biasing, ac and dc load line, action of a BJT as a switch, action of a BJT as an amplifier, transistor amplifier design, small signal low frequency equivalent circuit models of BJT

Field effect transistors (FET): Types of FETs, working principle of JFET, characteristics of JFET, JFET amplifiers, small signal low‑frequency equivalent circuit models of BJT. Introduction to MOSFETs.

Teaching and Learning Methods

In-person Lectures, tutorial discussions, e-learning, handouts, guided learning and practical sessions

Assessment Strategy

Practical

Continuous Assessments of Practical Reports (15 %)

End of Course Practical Examination (15 %)

Theory            

In-Course Assessment Examinations (20%)

        End of Course Examination (50 %)

30 %

70 %

Recommended References

·  William H. Hayt, Jack Kemmerly, Steven M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis (8th edition), McGraw-Hill Education (2012)

·    Jacob Millman, C. C. Haikias, Chetan D Parikh, Integrated Electronics: Analog and Digital Circuits and Systems (2^nd Edition), McGraw-Hill Education (2009)

·      Jacob Millman, Arvin Grabel, Microelectronics (2^nd Edition), McGraw Hill India (2001)

·      Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, (6^th edition), Oxford University Press

Course Title 

Analogue and Digital Electronics

Course Code

ELE302G3

Credit Value

03

Hourly breakdown

Theory

Practical

Independent Learning

35

30

85

Objectives

·      Understand the designing process of an integrated circuit

·      Understand the working principle of differential and operational amplifier

·      Design and construct electronic circuits using analogue and digital ICs.

·      Discuss the basics of microprocessor and explore its applications

Intended Learning Outcomes

·      Explain the evolution of integrated circuits

·      Design and construct op amp-based circuits for analog computation

·    Make use of logic gates, multiplexers and programmable gate arrays to construct combinational  logic circuits

·      Construct simple combinational and sequential electronic circuits

·      Outline the architecture and application of microcontrollers and microprocessors

Course Contents

Integrated circuits: Evolution of integrated circuits, integrated circuit components and types, introduction to VLSI and semiconductor processing

Differential amplifiers: Operation of differential amplifiers, common and differential mode of operation, common mode rejection ratio

Operational amplifier: Introduction to operational amplifiers, IC 741, characteristics of ideal and non-ideal operational amplifiers, analogue electronic circuits with operational amplifiers (inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, voltage follower, current source, voltage source, filter, analogue computing circuits to perform addition, subtraction, differentiation, integration, exponentiation and logarithms)

Digital electronics: Logic gates, Boolean functions and operations, laws and rules of Boolean algebra, De-Morgan’s theorem, introduction to TTL and CMOS logic, Boolean expressions and truth tables, Karnaugh maps, Combinational circuits: (adder, substractor, comparator, decoder, encoder, multiplexer, demultiplexer), Sequential circuits: flip-flops, registers, counters, State diagrams and tables, State minimization, and  output  realization

Introduction to microcontrollers and microprocessors: Microcontroller: Architecture, instruction set, I/O ports and peripherals, introduction to microcontrollers, basic computer architecture, introduction to CPU: ALU, CU and memory

Teaching and Learning Methods

In-person Lectures, tutorial discussions, e-learning, handouts, guided learning and practical sessions

Assessment Strategy

Practical

Continues Assessment of Practical Reports (15 %)

End of Course Practical Examination (15 %)

Theory

In-Course Assessment Examinations (20 %)

        End of Course Examination (50 %)

30 %

70 %

Recommended References

·  Roy Choudhury, D, Jain, B and Shail Jain, Linear Integrated Circuits (4^th edition), New Age Publishers  (2010)

·   M. Morris Mano and Michael D. Ciletti, Digital Design with an Introduction to the Verilog HDL (5^th edition), Pearson Education (2013)

·    Thomas L. Floyd, David M. Buchla, Basic Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits (2^nd edition), Prentice Hall (1999)

·   Sergio Franco, Design with operational amplifiers and analog integrated circuits (3^rd edition), Mc Graw Hill Education, (2014)